Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Experiencing vertigo for the first time?

BPPV is a common causes of vertigo - brief and repetitive episodes of a spinning or “dizzy” sensation often triggered by changes in head position. It occurs when calcium crystals (otoconia) become dislodged and move into the semicircular canals of the inner ear, disrupting the body's sense of balance. The inner ear contains three semicircular canals - posterior, horizontal (or lateral), and anterior (or superior) - otoconia can dislodge into any of the three, however, the vast majority of BPPV cases involve the posterior canal.

People with BPPV may experience these episodes when lying down, turning over in bed, or looking up. BPPV should be differentiated from other causes of dizziness - BPPV does not cause hearing loss, tinnitus, ear fullness, or long-lasting vertigo. BPPV can affect people of all ages, but is more common in older adults. One of the most important concerns with BPPV, especially in older adults, is the increased risk of falls. The sudden, unpredictable episodes of vertigo can lead to unsteadiness or even complete loss of balance, significantly raising the chances of falls and related injuries. Manual therapists, such as chiropractors, physiotherapists, or other vestibular-trained clinicians, treat Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) using a combination of positional maneuvers, clinical assessment, and patient education to reposition the dislodged otoconia (crystals) in the inner ear and restore normal vestibular function.

BPPV can be unsettling, but it’s a well-understood condition with a high success rate of recovery through non-invasive treatment. If you're experiencing unexplained dizziness or vertigo, especially if it’s triggered by head movements, it’s important to seek a proper assessment. Click here to book an assessment today.